Computer System for AMP Bank Ltd-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Propose a suitable computer system for an organization of your choice. You may propose a mainframe, supercomputer, cluster, client-server or any other system depending on the requirements and budget limitations of the organization. The proposed system should be complex enough and approved by lecturer at the proposal stage. In the final report and class presentation you have to explain the reasons for your choice and hardware, software, and networking specifications with an approximate cost analysis. Answer: Introduction to Computer Systems Mainframe computers have been playing a vital role in regular operations in most of largest corporations. It occupies a coveted place in the current e-business scenario. A mainframe is selected in the following study. For this, AMP Bank Ltd, Australia is chosen as the case study. It includes the requirements and limitations of budgets of the bank. Proposing suitable computer system for AMP Bank Ltd: The hardware components of mainframe possess high self-recovery and self-checking capabilities. The reliability is the outcomes of its extensive testing and capability of making fast updates for identified problems. A speed of mainframe helps in instant response towards investment capital management, credit card usage and ATM operations [1]. Further mainframes have been providing the classic resource regarding their various current challenges. It has been a dedicated lump of processing power that has been handling the reliability of dynamic scenarios. System backup strategy of a mainframe is fine-grained and comprehensive. The disaster recovery plan of mainframe assures the responses towards any disaster and other emergencies affecting information system and minimizing the impact on the business operation. Moreover, the mainframe uses a grid computing effort which includes the mainframe on improved grid robustness. It introduces the applications that are mission-critical to the grid [2]. Thus controlling the usage peaks and decreasing caps comprises a large effect on the expenses instead of reducing services. Further, a mainframe is cost-effective as its usage is turning spikier and lesser predictable. Moreover, it provides data of various kind of analysis from the insights of investment towards trends of consumer banking. As per as security is concerned mainframe offers effective network protection. This is because the bank needs ways to defend the customer data against different cyber theft and hackers. None of the compute-clustering technologies have been matching the ability to tolerate both the software with hardware outages. It has also included the upgrades instead of placing any closed impression on ATM [3]. Type of the computer system proposed a real time single purpose computer system to control the aircraft: Regarding control of airplanes, the embedded system is a real time single-purpose computer system. This comprises of skills sets touching the electrical and mechanical engineering along with computer system and control system [4]. For aerodynamics, there are some computers programs that are needed to be evaluated for different aerofoil sections. These come under the digital or virtual wind tunnels or evaluation software or airfoil design. They are Java Foil and XFLR5. Hardware of autopilot differs from various implementations. Various autopilots use design diversities. The critical features of software never separate computers and possibly use distinct architectures. However, every computer runs software developed by multiple engineering teams. They are programmed in various programming. As airspace management has been transcending to the computer age, new requirements have been evolving [5]. The aircrafts need to be well equipped by communication technologies. These must transport d ata through satellite plus since they have been on the ground. Moreover, the different communication and various broadband networks or distinct broadcast strategic information that are related aircraft situations also must go via high maintenance. For entertainment system, some room is required in order to be made. Some storage must free up. There must be public library affiliated with the OverDrive service [6]. This would help the passengers to download those applications, borrow books and audio books free of cost. Thus the study shows the benefits of computers in saving money for different activities of a business. They also help businessman in keeping time. They allow in the higher interaction among the customers, clients, agencies and employees. The productivity of the workers even gets developed via computers. Business owners turn out to be more professional and also more significant through using the most suitable computer systems. References: "The Application of Computers in the Banking Sector | Techwalla.com", Techwalla, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.techwalla.com/articles/application-computers-banking-sector. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017]. "How Do Banks Maintain Financial Data? Mainframes | Bank Systems Technology", Bank Systems Technology, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.banktech.com/infrastructure/how-do-banks-maintain-financial-data-mainframes/a/d-id/1318116. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017]. B. Smith, "Why banks love mainframes", Network World, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3148714/hardware/why-banks-love-mainframes.html. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017]. J. Plautz, "Aircraft computer systems could be vulnerable to hacking, report finds", Mashable, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://mashable.com/2015/04/15/aircraft-hacking-computer-report/. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017]. "Cockpit Electronics Avionics Technology", Intelligent-aerospace.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.intelligent-aerospace.com/cockpit-electronics-avionics-technology.html. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017]. K. Webteam, "Aircraft Computers | Kontron", Kontron.com, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.kontron.com/products/systems/aircraft-computers. [Accessed: 17- Dec- 2017].

Modern Europe History in the Book The Age of Empire by Eric Hobsbawm

History of modern Europe Hobsbawm divides the ancient historians into two distinct categories in his book; The Age of Empire. He says that quite a number of historians who lived during the 19th century can be classified into two classes while excluding the purely pieces of literature written by them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Europe History in the Book The Age of Empire by Eric Hobsbawm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These two classes comprise of the forward and backward lookers. According to my opinion, Hobsbawm fits in the category of backward lookers. This is because he focuses his pieces of writing in the ancient eras. He indulges in the excavation of human irrecoverable pasts. Additionally, he is nostalgic about some historical documents including his own past experiences. He states that he and many other historians like him are still passionately associated with some ancient periods because o f their undeniable ‘breaks’ (Hobsbawm, 6). The bourgeois capitalism, which is characterized by the perception of dual revolution, championed productive systems that lacked limits. This then led to the take-over of the earth by the capitalist economy. Hobsbawm indicates that the economy of the bourgeois society was literally unproblematic in the 19th century. This was because their triumph had a deeply rooted positive impact on their economy. The many political hostilities of that period, from which the French revolution had emerged, were suppressed. To some extent, it seemed like the rebellion was gradually accepting the cultural, economic and organizational domination by the victors. As a result of the Age of Revolution, which occurred in the mid of 19th century, there were only countable socialists in the continent. The diffusion of explosive discontents during this period foresaw enormous progress in the bourgeois society with limited attention to internal contradict ions.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This overwhelming progress did not show any signs of future anxiety. In the early 20th century however, anxiety struck. This was characterized by the transition of the Age of Revolution to the then Age of Empire (Hobsbawm, 8). The unrecognized contradictions in the Age of Revolution were manifested in the Age of Empire and had full impacts on economic progress of Europe. This then became an era of interrupted peace in the western sphere which, as a matter of fact, gave rise to world wars. This period marked the domination of fear in the world. As a result, massive groups of wage-workers emerged to campaign against the supremacy of capitalism. This saw the extension of cultural and political organizations of the bourgeois liberalism. Hobsbawm distinguishes the bourgeois capitalism, which was characterized by the Age of Revolution, from the later dema nd for change through the merging of forces to shun capitalism. He points out the manner in which tension and anxiety rose when the contradictions experienced in the previous regime were manifested in the Age of Empire (Hobsbawm, 11). John Merriman presented an article that depicted political rivalry during the European colonialism of the 1870s. John’s article indicated that the imperial tensions that resulted from colonialism were a reflection of the deteriorated power stability in Europe. However, Hobsbawm’s position on this is a slight contradiction of John’s article. Hobsbawm says that colonialism came as a result of political alliances as opposed to rivalry as presented by John. For instance, he gives an example of the alliance between Germany and Italy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Europe History in the Book The Age of Empire by Eric Hobsbawm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He also says that colonialism resulted from geopolitics as evidenced by the fact that Germany was allied with Russia and Hungary with Austria. All these nations were geographically brought together to segregate France from Europe. As a result of this, we realize that both Hobsbawm and John had ideological differences despite the fact that they all had the aim of explaining the basics of late European colonialism (Hobsbawm, 287). Works Cited Eric, Hobsbawm. The Age of Empire; 1875-1914 (Revised Ed), New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Print. This essay on Modern Europe History in the Book The Age of Empire by Eric Hobsbawm was written and submitted by user Alberto Sloan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Does the Internet Aid Communication

The Internet has become an integral part of the life of many people. The invention and spread of the Internet changed all aspects of modernity. Thus, the Interned made the life quicker and communication easier. The communication via the Internet is becoming more and more popular nowadays. People prefer sharing their ideas and best moments while being online. Although the Internet has become of extreme significance nowadays, there are both advantages and disadvantages of using it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Does the Internet Aid Communication? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication and Its Forms Before examining the Internet and its role, it is necessary to be aware of the notion of communication and its various types. There are numerous definitions of communication. The central idea of all of them is that communication is a process of sharing thoughts. Thill and Bovee (2013, p. 3) define communic ation as ‘the process of transferring information and meaning between senders and receivers, using one of more written, oral, visual, or electronic media’. The nature of communication is complicated as far as it can be presented in various forms and dimensions. According to the most general division, the communication can be of two types: verbal and nonverbal. Verbal communication presupposes the usage of words. Thus, when people communicate with the help of words (either orally or in writing), they are engaged in the verbal communication. The distinctive feature of spoken communication is that people use different gestures, postures, movements, and facial expressions. All these signs are referred to as nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is not formally accepted though it exists. However, one should always bear in mind that meanings of nonverbal signs may differ among cultures and countries (Sarvaiya 2013). The sub-types of verbal communication are oral an d written. The oral communication is spontaneous, personal, and flexible. Written communication is usually influenced by particular rules of writing and is rather formal. Depending on the number of participants, the communication may be intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and massive. An intrapersonal communication occurs when one thinks. All people practice internal communication. It assists in the better understanding of the world. An interpersonal communication is realized in the form of dialogues between two people. Group communication occurs between members of the particular unity. The group is a company of individuals who are united by the common goal. There are small (from three to seven participants) and large (seven and more) groups (Sarvaiya 2013). The mass communication is the last form. This type is conducted via television, radio, or any other mass media channels.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your firs t paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internet Communication and Its Forms Internet communication is more often called online communication. The aim of the Internet communication is the same — to transmit information between senders and receivers but with the help of computers or any other devices that have access to the Internet. The classification of the forms of online communication can be rather a challenging task due to its constant development and improvement. The Internet communication is divided into several types. The first type is â€Å"one-to-one† messaging. It is the most popular method of communication. It presupposes sending â€Å"e-mails† or messages via other platforms or social media. The primary thing about one-to-one messaging is that it is the way of online intercourse between individuals. The second type is â€Å"one-to-many messaging†. This type means the automatic sending of messages to many recipients at the same time. For insta nce, a person may visit some website, like it, and subscribe to it. All people who subscribe to the particular content will receive automatic e-mails about the news. â€Å"Distributed message databases† comprise the third type of communication via the Internet. In this case, people participate in group discussions. Thus, one person leaves a message, and others can write responses. All messages are visible to everybody. Many forums may serve as examples of distributed message databases. The next type of online communication is known as â€Å"real-time communication†. It should not be confused with the first type where users read messages later. In a real-time communication, one can answer immediately. This form is possible in all social media as well as in many chat rooms or specially designed services (Methods to Communicate Over Internet n.d.). Barret suggests another classification of the Internet communication tools. He differentiates traditional services, World Wid e Web, video and phone calls, streaming video, and video games. Barret combines e-mailing, chat rooms, and forums into the group of traditional services. World Wide Web provides opportunities for every user to find required information. It is a service that works on the basis of the Hyper Transfer Protocol or HTTP. The user has to request particular information and the web server answers to that request. Modern online communication is not limited by messaging. Video and phone calls are possible nowadays. One has to have the gadget that supports such function and the access to the Internet. Skype is one of the most popular platforms for video and phone calls. Barett suggests that streaming video is one more option for communication when one can download film or music. Finally, video games are the last type. Many gamers can play games and communicate with other players simultaneously (Barett n.d.). Communication before the Invention of the Internet Human communication was realized in a variety of forms before the invention of the Internet. People used different media to transmit information. Drums were one of the first methods for sharing information. They were the primary way of communication in Africa in pre-historic times. The sound produced by drums could be heard from the distance of one hundred miles. In 2000 BC, Egyptian pharaohs established the other method of sharing information.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Does the Internet Aid Communication? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They developed the courier service to deliver written messages. The first prototype of the modern postal system was first used in Ancient Persia in the 5th century BC. It happened when the Athenian messenger run to ask for help from Sparta when Persians invaded Marathon (O’Neil 2013). Smoke signals represent an easy and efficient way of the visual communication. They were first used on the Great Wall of China. Pigeon post is regarded as the first most efficient system of communication. This type of message delivering was developed in the 12th century by Sultan Nur-ed-din. He built dovecotes in Damascus and Cairo, and pigeons carried messages over long distances. Besides, pigeon post played a crucial role in World War I and World War II. Telegraph was the first technologically aided method to transmit information. It was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844 and gave rise to the further development of the modern ways of communication such as telephones or faxes (From Smoke Signals to Smartphones 2014). The Development of the Internet The invention of the Internet is usually associated with the name Leonard Kleinrock. He was the first to write about ARPANET, the network that is considered to be the beginning of the Internet, in 1961. ARPANET is the abbreviation for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network that was initially used by the U.S. Defense Department. Leonard Kleinro ck sent the message via ARPANET in 1969. Since that time, many communication protocols appeared, and they were used for transmission of messages. The term â€Å"Internet† was introduced in 1973. Telenet was the first Internet Service Provider that used ARPANET for commercial purposes. The standard protocol for the Internet (IP) was introduced in 1982. A year later, the Domain Name System developed the modern version of website names such as.org,.com,.gov, and others. In the 90th, the era of rapid development continued and became close to the modern version of the Internet. Thus, Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, worked on the HTML (HyperText Markup Language). A few years later, Microsoft and Apple Corporations started to work on the browsers for the access to the Internet (Zimmerman 2012). A crucial point in the development of the Internet happened in 1998. The Google introduced the search engine system that changed the human comm unication. In 2004, Facebook was launched. This event is another milestone in the Internet communication as far as it gave rise to the social networking. In six years, the number of Facebook users increased to four hundred million. Since 2010, social media became essential for the human communication.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Role of the Internet The Internet has changed not only the nature of communication. It modified a variety of other aspects of everyday life including: Education is much more accessible nowadays than whenever before. People have opportunities to receive degrees online regardless of their location. Although the online education is still developing, it brings a substantial hope to the sphere of education; Research. Millions of people use Google or other online sources to find answers to everyday questions. The World Wide Web has become a massive storage of helpful pieces of advice for every day; Business. The Internet gave rise to the development of the electronic commerce. Nowadays, e-commerce is an essential part of the successful business. Also, the job search became much easier. An employee can send resumes via e-mails from one place without wasting too much energy; Travelling and shopping. There is no need to go the travel agency anymore as far as one can reserve tickets to a ny place online. The same is with shopping. Online stores made it possible to buy everything without living home; Entertainment. The Internet provides numerous opportunities for having fun in the virtual reality. Thus, one can play games, watch movies, or listen to music using the same computer or gadget; Healthcare. Currently, an individual can use a variety of online applications that can calculate ideal weight, suggest necessary treatment or well-balanced diet (Mehta 2014). Online Communication and Politics The topic concerning the way the Internet communication influences democratization and public engagement is one of the most discussed nowadays. Some scholars argue that the Internet has made communication more democratic and allowed people to be more open in their judgments. One of the reasons to speak about online democratization refers to the increasing number of online protests or arranging of real protest with the help of online communication. The Internet gave people the possibility to collaborate and coordinate whenever there is a necessity. Online communities, blogs, forums, websites — all of them can be used to demonstrate the particular attitude towards some issues. Tsatsou (2014, p. 88) writes that ‘the Internet can contribute to enhance the autonomy of citizens to organize and mobilize around issues that are not properly processed in the institutional systems’. The term â€Å"digital democracy† is used to define the notion of online democratic communication. However, the increasing engagement in online affairs makes people distracted from the real-life citizenship and social life. In this respect, the Internet is believed to impede communication in real-life settings and, in its turn, decrease the role of democracy. The other fact that undermines the notion of digital democracy refers to the ethical issue of privacy. Service providers can define who is hiding beyond the anonymous blog. Even more, personal data of us ers are now actively used for the variety of purposes. Consequently, people claim that their rights to privacy are violated. The Influence of the Internet on Personal Communication: Advantages and Disadvantages Probably, the most significant impact of the Internet refers to the personal communication. Virtual communication is a subject of numerous discussions nowadays. There are both advantages and disadvantages when speaking about the role of the Internet in human intercourse. Matusitz (2007, p. 23) writes that ‘a virtual community can be considered as a â€Å"real† gathering of people where they communicate, like in a physical environment, create webs of personal relationships, and strengthen weak ties over time, even if everything occurs in cyberspace’. Thus, the Internet makes communication accessible for all people regardless of their location. The second advantage of the online communication is that people can improve psychological well-being. Virtual reali ty allows everyone to find individuals who share the same point of view on politics or like the same music. The Internet erases barriers and loneliness. One can communicate with everyone who has the same values or preferences. Finally, people feel free when they express their opinions via the Internet. It is possible to write a response anonymously. It gives the possibility to express such thoughts that could be regarded as unacceptable in the society. Thus, the Internet provides individuals with the feeling of digital freedom. Nevertheless, there are adverse sides of online communication as well. Some scientists believe that the online communication is nothing but the illusion (Matusitz 2007). Virtual communities can never replace real as far as they lack such features of the human intercourse as touches, facial expressions, gestures, smells, and other non-verbal signs. One more disadvantage of the online communication refers to the fact that there is no moral obligation. Thus, it is easy to deceive people about one’s beliefs, interests, or even gender. People who have bad social skills or are lonely often start to communicate via the Internet. However, Kim, LaRose, and Peng have demonstrated that such an escape from reality impedes the situation and deepens the feeling of loneliness and psychological dissatisfaction (Kim, LaRose, Peng 2009). Remarks and Recommendations The Internet aids communication in a variety of ways. First, it is a useful tool that allows people to stay connected regardless of their location. The Internet facilitates the process of globalization. Representatives from various communities, religious and political groups become closer to each other. The Internet erases the barriers during intercourses that exist in real life. The most significant thing is that the Internet allows individuals to express their opinions anonymously. This practice is of great significance for those who do not like to be judged and attract attention. At the same time, the Internet can worsen the effectiveness of communication. Not all people follow the rules of morality while communicating via the Internet. Besides, the communication may lead to the increasing feeling of loneliness. These are the most significant remarks concerning the Internet communication. Further studies should evaluate the impact of the Internet on the communication in various settings. Besides, it can be used to examine the level of self-satisfaction among people who prefer virtual communication. One more concern relates to the notion of literacy of the Internet usage. There are assumptions that people are not attentive to mistakes in online communication, and that leads to the improper level of literacy in other types of writing. Conclusion Human communication has numerous forms. Verbal types of communication can be realized with the help of the Internet. There are different forms of the Internet communication including one-to-one messaging, online calls, a nd video games. The methods for human communication changed drastically. Thus, the drums and smoke were the first ways of transmitting information. The rapid growth of the Internet commenced in the previous century. In a few decades, it became one of the most popular forms of communication. Although there are several concerns about the online communication, the Internet makes communication democratic, open, and unites people. Reference List Barett, J.,  Types of Internet Communication. Web. From Smoke Signals to Smartphones,  2014. Web. Kim, J., LaRose, R. Peng, W. 2009, ‘Loneliness as the Cause and the Effect of Problematic Internet Use’, CyberPsychology Behavior, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 451-456. Matusitz, J. 2007, ‘The Implications of the Internet for Human Communication’,  Journal of Information Technology Impact, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21-34. Mehta, P. 2014, 8 Ways the â€Å"Internet of Things† Will Impact Your Everyday Life. Web. Methods to Comm unicate Over Internet. Web. O’Neil, M. 2013, From Pigeons to Twitter: The Evolution of Communication. Web. Sarvaiya, M. 2013, Human Communication, Amazon Publishing, Seattle. Thill, J. Bovee, C. 2013, Excellence in Business Communication, Pearson, Upper Saddle River. Tsatsou, P. 2014, Internet Studies: Part, Present, and Future Directions, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham. Zimmerman, K. 2012, Internet History Timeline. Web. This essay on How Does the Internet Aid Communication? was written and submitted by user Haven F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Christmas Trends, Demographics, Spending and Waste

Christmas Trends, Demographics, Spending and Waste Christmas is one of the most widely celebrated holidays by people all over the world, but what are the particularities of it in the United States? Who is celebrating it? How are they doing it? How much are they spending? And how might social differences shape our experience of this holiday? Lets dive in. The Cross-Religion and Secular Popularity of Christmas According to Pew Research Centers December 2013 survey about Christmas, we know that the vast majority of people in the U.S. celebrate the holiday. The survey confirms what most of us know: Christmas is both a religious and a secular holiday. Unsurprisingly, about 96 percent of Christians celebrate  Christmas, as do a whopping 87 percent of people who are not religious. What may surprise you is that people of other faiths do too. According to Pew, 76 percent of Asian-American Buddhists, 73 percent of Hindus, and 32 percent of Jews celebrate Christmas. News reports indicate that some Muslims also celebrate the holiday. Interestingly, the Pew survey found that Christmas is more likely to be a religious holiday for older generations.  While just over a third  of people ages 18-29 celebrate Christmas religiously, 66 percent of those 65 and older do so. For many Millennials, Christmas is a cultural, rather than a religious, holiday. Popular Christmas Traditions and Trends According to the 2014 National Retail Federations (NRF) survey of planned activities for Christmas Day, the most common things we do are visit with family and friends, open gifts, cook a holiday meal, and sit on our bums and watch television. Pews 2013 survey shows that more than half of us will attend church on Christmas Eve or Day, and the organizations 2014 survey shows that eating holiday foods is the activity that we most look forward to, after visiting with family and friends. Leading up to the holiday, the Pew survey found that  the majority of American adults- 65 percent- will send holiday cards, though older adults are more likely than younger adults to do so, and 79 percent of us will put up a Christmas tree, which is slightly more common among higher income earners. Though hurtling through airports at top foot-speed is a popular trope of Christmas movies, in fact, just 5-6 percent of us travel long-distance by air for the holiday, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. While long-distance travel  increases by 23 percent at Christmas time, most of that travel is by car. Similarly, though images of carolers punctuate holiday films, just 16 percent of us join in the activity, according to Pews 2013 survey Studies also show that we are getting engaged, conceiving children, and deciding to get divorced more so on Christmas than during any other time of  the year. How Gender, Age, and Religion Shape Our Christmas Experiences Interestingly, a 2014 survey by Pew found that religious affiliation, gender,  marital status, and age have an impact on the extent to which people look forward to the  common ways of celebrating Christmas. Those who regularly attend religious services are more enthusiastic on average about Christmas activities than are those who attend less often, or not at all. The only activity that escapes this rule? Americans universally look forward to eating holiday foods. In terms of gender, the survey found that, with the exception of visiting with family and friends, women look forward to the holiday traditions and activities more than men. While the Pew survey did not establish a reason for why this is the case, existing social science suggests that it could be because women spend more time than men do shopping and visiting with or taking care of family members in the context of their everyday lives. Its possible that mundane and taxing chores are more appealing to women when they are surrounded by the Christmas glow. Men, however, find themselves in the position of having to do things that they are not normally expected to do, and so they dont look forward to these events as much as women do. Echoing the fact that Christmas is less of a religious holiday for Millennials than it is for older generations, the 2014 Pew survey results indicate an overall generational shift in how we celebrate the holiday. Americans over the age of 65 are more likely than others to look forward to hearing Christmas music and attending religious services, while those in the younger generations are more likely to look forward to eating holiday foods, exchanging gifts, and decorating their homes. And while the majority of all generations do these things, Millennials are the most likely to buy gifts for others, and the least likely to send Christmas cards (though still a majority do it). ChristmasSpending: Big Picture, Averages, and Trends More than  $665  billion is the amount the NRF forecasts  Americans will spend during November and December 2016- an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year. So, where will all that money go? Most of it, on average $589, will go  to gifts, out of a total $796 that the average person will spend. The rest will be spent on  holiday items including candy and food (about $100), decorations (about $50), greeting cards and postage, and flowers and potted plants. As part of that decorative budget, we can expect Americans to collectively  spend more than $2.2 billion on about 40 million Christmas trees in 2016 (67 percent real, 33 percent fake), according to  data from the National Christmas Tree Association. In terms of gift-giving plans, the NRF survey shows American adults intend to buy and give the following: Clothing or accessories (61%)Gift cards or certificates (56%)Media items (books, music, videos, games, etc.) (44%)Toys (42%)Food or candy (31%)Consumer electronics (30%)Personal care or beauty items (25%)Jewelry (21%)Home decor or furnishings (20%)Cash (20%)Sporting goods or leisure items (17%) The plans adults have for gifts for children reveal the stronghold that gender stereotypes still have in American culture. The top five toys that people plan to buy for boys include Lego sets, cars and trucks, video games, Hot Wheels, and Star Wars items. For girls, they plan to buy Barbie items, dolls, Shopkins, Hatchimals, and Lego sets. Given that the average person intends to spend nearly $600 on gifts, its not surprising that nearly half of all American adults feel that exchanging gifts leaves them stretched thin financially (according to Pews 2014 survey). More than a third of us feel stressed out by our countrys gift-giving culture, and nearly a quarter of us believe that it is wasteful. The Environmental Impact Have you ever thought about the environmental impact of all this Christmas cheer? The Environmental Protection Agency reports that household waste increases by more than 25 percent between Thanksgiving and New Years Day, which results in an additional 1 million tons per week going to landfills. Gift wrapping and shopping bags amount  to a whopping  4 million tons  of Christmas-related trash. Then theres all the cards, ribbons, product packaging, and trees too. Though we think of it as a time of togetherness, Christmas is also a time of massive waste. When one considers this and the financial and emotional stress of consumerist gift-giving, perhaps a change of tradition is in order?

MLA literary research paper on Louise Glucks Mock Orange and A Summer

MLA literary on Louise Glucks Mock Orange and A Summer Garden - Research Paper Example The lyrical beauty of her poetry is really praiseworthy that the readers can sense even the inner pulse of the poet. The significant features of her poetry include â€Å"†¦its technical precision, sensitivity and insight into loneliness, family relationships, divorce, and death† (Poetry Foundation). While reading through her poetry, one would certainly feel them as quite true and they really enhance the quality of the work. When analyzing her poems â€Å"Mock Orange† and â€Å"A Summer Garden,† one can state that both the poems have structural similarities as well as differences and both the poems make use of various literary devices and conceits to create an effect in the poem. â€Å"Mock Orange† is small poem that discusses a grave theme. Daniel Morris, in his book, â€Å"The Poetry of Louise Glu ̈ck: A Thematic Introduction† asserts, â€Å"Mock Orange† [is] a controversial and much anthologized poem expressing the female speaker’s revulsion because sex with a man seemed a fiction of togetherness as well as a literal form of silencing the female with the covering male lips† (Morris, 29). After a close reading of the poem, many critics agree to the view point that Gluck composed the poem in a female perspective, accusing men for their male-chauvinistic nature. â€Å"A Summer Garden† is somewhat a large poem when comparing with â€Å"Mock Orange.† In the poem, the poet brings the readers to a memory lane where she identifies an old photograph of her dead mother. When the poet wipes off the dust from the old worn out photograph, she also wipes off the present to the past. The poet visualizes the childhood of her mother and then the poem shifts to the mother’s point of view. Analyzing the structure of â€Å"Mock Orange† one can see that the poet has resorted to a particular pattern in the arrangement of stanzas. The poem opens with a three-line stanza immediately followed with a five-line stanza. The third stanza is

Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management - Research Paper Example This paper will discuss the evolution of management principle from the Classical School to the present and further compare, contrast, and relate different schools of management theory and management practices. Evolution of management principle from the Classical School to the present There are several theories originating from different principles throughout history which have seen management from their own point of view. These theories appeared due to the revolutionary development that has happened throughout history and not because they were planned. Management theories are broadly classified into three which are the classical management theory, the neoclassical management theory and the modern management theory. The classical management theory, which is also referred to as the traditional school of management, consists of a group that has similar ideas on organizational management which evolved from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. This theory evolved due to the In dustrial Revolution and consists of three branches, which are the administrative principles, bureaucratic organization, and scientific management. The common aspects of these theories under the classical management theory is that they all put an emphasis on the economic rational of management and organization, which assumes that individuals at work are motivated by economic factors and would normally choose that which will give them the greatest monetary benefits. The scientific management was championed in 1911 by Frederick Tailor, who is considered to be the father of scientific management; he emphasized on time and motion studies, production maximization, and task specialization. Taylor argued that other schools of thought leave workers too much discretion, and their potential at the workplace is not being maximized. Taylor argues that despite the fact that there is specialization and division of labor, employees still retain discretion on how to perform tasks. Scientific managem ent theory was designed so as to put management in control, designing and using studies that are scientifically measured while focusing on the most efficient work methods and then organizing and controlling workers to ensure maximum efficiency (Giannantonio & Hurley, 2011).This method had four elements where each job had to be broken down into elements and where each element is assigned a scientific way of handling it. Workers then would be selected and trained on how to do a task in a specific way, and there should also be good coordination between the managers and workers, and finally, there should be division of labor. He believed that this would determine the most efficient way of doing work. This method was challenged as there is no best way of doing work, and by the fact that there are also other factors other than money that affect productivity, like social needs, esteem and security needs. As the scientific management pioneers tried to find the best way of doing things, the administrative principle pioneers tried to explore possibilities of the best ways of pulling jobs together and operating the organization; they tried to find the best way of running an organization. This theory was championed by Henry Fayol, who introduced the principles of management which are fundamental functions of all managers; they include planning,

Church and Government Essay Example for Free

Church and Government Essay According to Article II, Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that, the separation of Church and State shall be inviolable and Article III, Section 5 states, No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall be forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Given the articles of the constitution regarding the relationship of the church and the state, is the Catholic Church violating the principle of the Separation of Church and State by daring to speak out against certain bills? First, what does the separation of the church and state really means? The separation of the state means that the state does not have an official religion. It means that the people are free to choose in what religion depending in their own belief. It also means that there should be no laws that shall be pass that favors a religion over the other. It also means that there should be no discrimination of the religion and belief of the people. In short, what the union of the church and the state really means is that the citizens should be forced to follow a particular doctrine and those that do not follow should be penalized. We can see from banners outside of cathedrals the popular phrase â€Å"No to RH Bill, Yes to Life.† But can we consider this action as a violation of the constitution? The separation of the church and the state does not mention that church officials cannot speak or try to influence the state policy. Since the Philippines is a democratic country, every person, group and organization is free to express their own opinion regarding certain issues. The church does not force people to go against a certain bills; the decision still lies in the people according to their conscience and understanding. It means that the church is not violating the constitution since it is only expressing its right to speak in order of its belief. Given the reasons above, that the Philippines has no state religion and given that the state does not subsidize the church, and that no church has any official access to the instruments of state power, I believe that the church does not violate the constitution and that there is really a separation of the church and the state.